The Historian Josephus and His Writings About Jesus
Flavius Josephus, a first-century Jewish historian, is a significant figure in the study of ancient history, particularly for his works that provide valuable insights into the Jewish world of his time. Born in 37 AD, Josephus was a commander in the Jewish forces during the First Jewish-Roman War before becoming a Roman citizen and historian under the patronage of the Flavian emperors.
Josephus’ References to Jesus
Josephus’ most notable works, “The Jewish War” and “Antiquities of the Jews,” contain references to Jesus of Nazareth. These references are crucial for historical studies as they provide non-Christian corroboration of Jesus’ existence and his impact on the people of that era.
- The Testimonium Flavianum: Found in Book 18 of “Antiquities of the Jews,” this passage is the most famous reference to Jesus. It describes Jesus as a wise man, a doer of wonderful works, and a teacher who attracted many followers. It also mentions his crucifixion under Pontius Pilate and the claim of his resurrection on the third day[1]. While the authenticity of this passage has been debated, with suggestions of Christian interpolation, most scholars agree that it contains a core of historical truth[2].
- Reference to James, the Brother of Jesus: In Book 20 of “Antiquities,” Josephus mentions the execution of James, “the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ.” This reference is widely accepted as authentic and provides additional evidence of Jesus’ historical presence[3].
The Significance of Josephus’ Writings
Josephus’ accounts are invaluable for several reasons:
- Historical Corroboration: His writings offer external validation of New Testament events, supporting the historical existence of Jesus and early Christianity.
- Cultural Context: Josephus provides a detailed backdrop of Jewish society, politics, and conflicts during the first century, enriching our understanding of the environment in which Jesus lived and preached.
- Scholarly Debate: The discussions around the authenticity and interpretation of Josephus’ references to Jesus stimulate ongoing scholarly research and debate, contributing to the dynamic field of historical Jesus studies.
In conclusion, Josephus’ works remain a cornerstone for historians and scholars exploring the historical Jesus and the early Christian movement. His detailed accounts, despite the controversies, offer a glimpse into the life and times of one of history’s most influential figures.
References
[1] Josephus on Jesus – Wikipedia
[2] What Did the Jewish Historian Josephus Really Say About Jesus?